Amazon Kinesis vs. Amazon MSK: Choosing the Right Stream Processing Solution

Introduction

Welcome to a comprehensive guide comparing two formidable data streaming technologies: Amazon Kinesis and Amazon MSK (Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka). This blog post is intended for senior developers and software architects who are looking to make an informed decision on which technology to pick for their large-scale event-based data pipeline. We'll consider detailed technical aspects, operational overheads, financial costs, and team expertise to help you navigate which option best suits your needs.

To add context, this blog is supported by Tech-duel, a game-changing SaaS product designed to help engineers compare technologies and make informed decisions. Our objective here is to leverage Tech-duel’s in-depth questioning process to offer actionable insights.

Tech-duel's UI for choosing techs to compare while providing additional information about your team and use case
Tech-duel's UI for choosing techs to compare while providing additional information about your team and use case

Why Stream Processing?

Before diving into the comparison, it's essential to understand why stream processing is a pivotal part of modern data engineering. Real-time data analytics, IoT applications, fraud detection, and real-time monitoring are just some of the use cases that demand fast, reliable, and scalable stream processing solutions.

Introducing the Players: Amazon Kinesis and Amazon MSK

Amazon Kinesis is a managed service explicitly designed for real-time streaming data. It seamlessly integrates with the wider AWS ecosystem, allowing you to capture, process, and store data in real-time.

Amazon MSK is a managed service that runs Apache Kafka, an open-source stream-processing software platform engineered for high throughput and low-latency processing of data streams.

Understanding the Requirements

One of the most challenging aspects of a Proof of Concept (POC) is asking the right questions that guide you toward selecting the appropriate tool. Tech Duel excels at this by presenting tailored questions to help you make informed decisions. For instance, when building an event-based data pipeline to support large-scale operations, Tech Duel will ask key questions and provide personalized recommendations based on your responses.

  1. Question 1: The team has existing experience with Apache Kafka, favoring MSK as it directly aligns with their skill set.
  2. Question 2: Real-time processing is a critical requirement, slightly favoring Kinesis which is designed for real-time data streaming. However, MSK can also handle this well.
  3. Question 3: The requirement for millisecond-level latency highly favors MSK as Kafka is known for lower latency.
  4. Question 6: With anticipated throughput of > 10,000 events per second, MSK is favored due to its robust handling of high-throughput scenarios.
  5. Question 7: The need to maintain control over the infrastructure favors MSK, providing more control over Kafka configurations.
  6. Question 9: An acceptable downtime of < 5 minutes favors MSK due to its durability and reliability features.
  7. Question 10: Not requiring ingesting from multiple sources slightly disfavors Kinesis which excels in this area.
  8. Question 12: The need to replay historical data frequently favors MSK, which is designed for such use cases.
  9. Question 13: Strong ordering guarantees for messages strongly favor MSK.
  10. Question 16: High data durability requirements favor MSK given Kafka’s replication features.
  11. Question 17: Not needing global availability does not disadvantage MSK.
  12. Question 18: Advanced stream processing features are required, favoring MSK due to Kafka Streams API.
  13. Question 19: Expected message size > 100KB favors MSK, which handles larger message sizes better.
  14. Question 20: Not needing frequent scaling does not disadvantage MSK, though Kinesis offers more seamless scaling.

The Verdict: Amazon MSK

Based on our comprehensive questions and answers, Amazon MSK appears to be the better choice. Below we outline the key factors and how each answer swayed the decision:

Tech duel is 95% confident you should use Amazon MSK based on your answers
Tech duel is 95% confident you should use Amazon MSK based on your answers

Detailed Comparison Table

Feature                                               Amazon Kinesis                 Amazon MSK
Real-time Processing                     High                                    High
Millisecond-level Latency             Moderate                            High                              
Throughput                                      Up to 5/B partition/sec      High (> 10,000 events/sec)  
Infrastructure control                    Low                                      High                              
Historical Replay                             Limited                                Extensive                          
Ordering Guarantees                     Weaker                                Strong                            
Data Durability                                Moderate                             High                              
Advanced Processing                    Limited                                Extensive (Kafka Streams, Flink)  
Message Size                                   < 1 MB/message                > 100 KB/message                  
Scaling                                              Easy                                     Moderate                          
Cost                                                   Generally lower                  Generally higher                  
Team Expertise                               Easier for newcomers        Best for experienced with Kafka    

Insights and Tips for a Successful POC

To ensure a fruitful POC, here are some tips, exemplified with our contextually relevant Tech-duel insights:

Leverage Existing Expertise
Given the team’s experience with Apache Kafka, utilizing Amazon MSK will be more efficient and allow for smoother implementation and maintenance.

Tip: Invest time in setting up a robust Kafka cluster deployment on MSK. Benefit from the available tooling and focus on leveraging advanced features like Kafka Streams for stream processing.

Optimize for Low Latency
With millisecond-level latency as a critical factor, streamline your data ingestion pipeline to ensure minimal delays.

Tip: Use optimized Kafka producers and consumers, tune configurations like `linger.ms` and `batch.size` to get the best performance.

Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("bootstrap.servers", "yourMSKClusterEndpoint");
props.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer")
;props.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
props.put("linger.ms", 1); // Set for low latency
props.put("batch.size", 16384); // Default batch size Kafka
Producer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<>(props);
ProducerRecord<String, String> record = new ProducerRecord<>("your-topic", "key", "value");
producer.send(record);
producer.close();

Ensure Data Durability and Strong Ordering
Using Kafka’s inherent abilities for data durability and strong ordering guarantees will supercharge your pipeline for reliability.

Tip: Take full advantage of Kafka’s replication features by configuring high-replication factors and enabling acknowledgment settings.

Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("acks", "all"); // Ensure message durability
props.put("retries", Integer.MAX_VALUE); // Infinite retries for guaranteed delivery
props.put("enable.idempotence", true); // Strong ordering guarantees


Manage Throughput and Message Size
With a high expected throughput and large message sizes, it's essential to configure the cluster correctly to handle these loads efficiently.

Tip: Set up partitioning strategies that distribute the load evenly across the nodes in your MSK cluster. Monitor and scale partitions as necessary.

Advanced Stream Processing
Take advantage of Kafka’s ecosystem for advanced stream processing requirements.

Tip: Use Kafka Streams or integrate Apache Flink with MSK directly for complex stream processing needs.

StreamsBuilder builder = new StreamsBuilder();
KStream<String, String> source = builder.stream("input-topic");
KStream<String, String> transformed = source.mapValues(value -> value.toUpperCase());
transformed.to("output-topic");
KafkaStreams streams = new KafkaStreams(builder.build(), new Properties());streams.start();

Cost Management

While Amazon MSK is generally more expensive, its advanced feature set and high throughput capabilities justify the cost for demanding applications.

Summary

Choosing between Amazon Kinesis and Amazon MSK ultimately depends on your specific application needs, budget, and team prowess. Through the personalized questioning and advanced insights provided by Tech-duel, we identified Amazon MSK as the optimal solution for our large-scale event-based data pipeline.

With higher throughput capabilities, strong ordering guarantees, excellent data durability, and advanced stream processing features, Amazon MSK offers compelling benefits for high-stakes, real-time applications.

Feel free to use the tips and code snippets included in this blog to streamline your POC and operational strategies, ensuring a successful implementation of the chosen streaming service.

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